Wood Species Data
Elemental Wood Species Data
Reliable measurements for the mechanical properties of hundreds of wood species can be very difficult to find. Further, there is an inherent variability in these mechanical properties for a given species. For more esoteric wood species, there is often no reliable data on the mechanical properties of the wood. As a way out of this problem, people realized that the “basic” density of the wood is strongly correlated with virtually all mechanical properties of the wood. So, in 2007, Araujo performed a regression analysis on wood properties from 163 Brazilian species. He assumed that all properties were only a function of the basic density.
While the resulting regression curves did not precisely fit the actual data, the curves provide a not unreasonable way to estimate many of the mechanical properties of an unknown sample of wood using only the wood’s basic density. The data in our table of mechanical properties is that predicted by Araujo’s regression curves, not actual measured data. If reliable data is available for any of these species, those values should be preferred over those in the table.
Source: H.J.B. de Araujo, Relações funcionais entre propriedades físicas e mecânicas de madeiras tropicais brasileiras. Curitiba, Parana, Brasil.
| Common-Commercial Wood Name(s) | Botanical Wood Species Name(s) | Wood Density (Air-Dry) [lb/ft^3] | Janka Hardness - Parallel to Fiber - Pounds of Force (12% MC) [lbF] | Contraction (Radial, Tangential) [%] | Modulus of Rupture (MOR) - To Static Flexion (12% MC) [ksi] | Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) - To Static Flexion (12% MC) [ksi] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abiurana | Chrysophyllum prieuri | 74.9 | 3463 | (4.99,10.07) | 27.27 | 2573 |
| Abiurana | Pouteria guianensis | 62.6 | 3008 | (5.61,9.47) | 23.43 | 2362 |
| Acacia, Big-Leaf | Acacia mangium | 33.7 | 983 | (4.19,8.08) | 11.2 | 1476 |
| Acacia, Small-Leaf | Racosperma confusum | 46.8 | 1807 | (4.79,8.71) | 17.05 | 1946 |
| Acapu, Brazilian Brownheart | Vouacapoua americana | 61.2 | 2914 | (5.58,9.4) | 22.92 | 2331 |
| Acariquara | Minquartia guianensis | 64.9 | 3151 | (5.62,9.58) | 24.25 | 2410 |
| Acupuri | Micrandropsis scleroxylon | 76.2 | 3458 | (4.82,10.13) | 27.59 | 2589 |
| Afromosia | Pericopsis elata | 46.8 | 1807 | (4.79,8.71) | 17.05 | 1946 |
| Algarrobo, Mesquite | Prosopis nigra | 51.5 | 2172 | (5.11,8.94) | 19.06 | 2086 |
| Aguano Masha | Paramachaerium spp | 49.3 | 2000 | (4.97,8.83) | 18.13 | 2023 |
| Amendoim, Ybyraro | Pterogyne nitens | 49.9 | 2049 | (5.01,8.86) | 18.4 | 2041 |
| Andiroba, Royal Mahogany | Carapa guianensis | 44 | 1600 | (4.61,8.58) | 15.81 | 1855 |
| Angelim Pedra | Hymenolobium petraeum | 43.1 | 1534 | (4.55,8.53) | 15.39 | 1823 |
| Angelim vermelho | Dinizia excelsa | 62.6 | 3008 | (5.61,9.47) | 23.43 | 2362 |
| Apitong, Keruing | Dipterocarpus spp. | 49.3 | 2000 | (4.97,8.83) | 18.13 | 2023 |
| Araracanga | Aspidosperma desmanthum | 52 | 2214 | (5.15,8.96) | 19.28 | 2101 |
| Azobe, Ekki | Lophira alata | 67.4 | 3279 | (5.57,9.7) | 25.08 | 2457 |
| Banya | Swartzia bannia | 78 | 3429 | (4.52,10.22) | 28.04 | 2611 |
| Batu, Red Balau | Shorea spp. | 53.1 | 2297 | (5.21,9.01) | 19.72 | 2130 |
| Birch | Betula ssp. | 38.1 | 1214 | (4.3,8.29) | 13.15 | 1645 |
| Bloodwood | Brosimum rubiscens | 67.4 | 3279 | (5.57,9.7) | 25.08 | 2457 |
| Boco | Bocoa prouacensis | 82.4 | 3256 | (3.59,10.43) | 28.94 | 2653 |
| Braúna preta | Melanoxylon brauna | 65.5 | 3185 | (5.61,9.61) | 24.46 | 2422 |
| Breu | Trattinnickia burserifolia | 40 | 1328 | (4.38,8.38) | 13.99 | 1714 |
| California Redwood | Sequoia sempervirens | 28.1 | 759 | (4.28,7.81) | 8.75 | 1240 |
| Cambara Mahogany | Erisma uncinatum | 40.6 | 1367 | (4.41,8.41) | 14.27 | 1736 |
| Cedar, Western Red | Thuja plicata | 25.6 | 686 | (4.43,7.69) | 7.7 | 1128 |
| Cherry, American | Prunus serotina | 34 | 995 | (4.19,8.09) | 11.31 | 1486 |
| Chontaquiro | Diplotropis purpurea | 53.7 | 2347 | (5.25,9.04) | 19.98 | 2147 |
| Cooktown Ironwood | Erythrophleum chlorostachys | 76.2 | 3458 | (4.82,10.13) | 27.59 | 2589 |
| Copaiba, Bacana | Copaifera langsdorfii | 31.2 | 873 | (4.19,7.96) | 10.1 | 1373 |
| Coracao-de-Negro | Swartzia corrugata | 81.2 | 3321 | (3.89,10.37) | 28.7 | 2642 |
| Cuchi, Aroeira-do-sertão | Myracrodruon urundeuva | 75.5 | 3462 | (4.91,10.1) | 27.43 | 2581 |
| Cumaru, Brazilian Teak | Dipteryx odorata | 67.4 | 3279 | (5.57,9.7) | 25.08 | 2457 |
| Cupiuba | Goupia glabra | 53.5 | 2334 | (5.24,9.03) | 19.91 | 2143 |
| Curupau, Patagonian Rosewood | Anadenanthera colubrina | 63.7 | 3077 | (5.62,9.52) | 23.82 | 2384 |
| Curupixa | Micropholis venulosa | 51.2 | 2148 | (5.09,8.92) | 18.93 | 2078 |
| Cypress | Taxodium distichum | 19.6 | 577 | (5.12,7.4) | 5.34 | 843 |
| Douglas Fir | Pseudotsuga menziesii | 33.1 | 954 | (4.18,8.05) | 10.92 | 1450 |
| Ebano de Mexico | Libidibia sclerocarpa | 78 | 3429 | (4.52,10.22) | 28.04 | 2611 |
| Eucalyptus grandis, Lyptus | Eucalyptus grandis | 40.3 | 1351 | (4.4,8.4) | 14.16 | 1727 |
| Faveira | Parkia nitida | 29.3 | 801 | (4.23,7.87) | 9.28 | 1294 |
| Garapa, Golden Teak | Apuleia leiocarpa | 51.8 | 2197 | (5.13,8.95) | 19.2 | 2095 |
| Gidgee | Acacia cambagei | 82.4 | 3256 | (3.59,10.43) | 28.94 | 2653 |
| Goiabao | Chrysophyllum lucentifolium | 55.8 | 2513 | (5.37,9.14) | 20.83 | 2203 |
| Golden Teak, Orelha de Macaco | Enterolobium schomburgkii | 63.3 | 3056 | (5.62,9.51) | 23.7 | 2377 |
| Goncalo Alves, Tigerwood | Astronium lecointei | 58.1 | 2688 | (5.48,9.25) | 21.73 | 2259 |
| Granadillo | Libidibia punctata | 78 | 3429 | (4.52,10.22) | 28.04 | 2611 |
| Greenheart | Chlorocardium rodiei | 59.9 | 2826 | (5.55,9.34) | 22.45 | 2303 |
| Guajara, Moabi | Micropholis guyanensis | 50.5 | 2094 | (5.05,8.89) | 18.64 | 2058 |
| Guariuba | Clarisia racemosa | 45.2 | 1689 | (4.69,8.63) | 16.35 | 1895 |
| Guayacan, Brown Ebony | Libidibia paraguariensis | 73.7 | 3456 | (5.14,10.01) | 26.94 | 2556 |
| Guayjuvira, Brazilian Hickory | Cordia americana | 49.3 | 2000 | (4.97,8.83) | 18.13 | 2023 |
| Hickory, American | Carya ovata | 38.7 | 1251 | (4.32,8.32) | 13.43 | 1668 |
| Ipe, Brazilian Walnut | Handroanthus spp. | 65.5 | 3185 | (5.61,9.61) | 24.46 | 2422 |
| Iroko | Milicia excelsa | 40.6 | 1367 | (4.41,8.41) | 14.27 | 1736 |
| Itauba | Mezilaurus itauba | 52.8 | 2274 | (5.19,9) | 19.6 | 2122 |
| Itin | Prosopis kuntzei | 74.9 | 3463 | (4.99,10.07) | 27.27 | 2573 |
| Jarrah | Eucalyptus marginata | 54.3 | 2396 | (5.29,9.07) | 20.23 | 2164 |
| Jataipeba, Jutahy | Dialium guianense | 68.7 | 3332 | (5.52,9.76) | 25.48 | 2479 |
| Jatoba, Brazilian Cherry | Hymenea courbaril | 49.9 | 2049 | (5.01,8.86) | 18.4 | 2041 |
| Kautabalti, Kauta | Licania alba | 68.7 | 3332 | (5.52,9.76) | 25.48 | 2479 |
| Kempas | Koompassia malaccensis | 54.9 | 2446 | (5.32,9.1) | 20.49 | 2180 |
| Khleng, Java Walnut | Dialium cochinchinense | 49.9 | 2049 | (5.01,8.86) | 18.4 | 2041 |
| Kirandy | Aspidosperma australe | 55.8 | 2516 | (5.37,9.15) | 20.85 | 2203 |
| Kurupayra, Angico | Parapiptadenia rigida | 65.5 | 3185 | (5.61,9.61) | 24.46 | 2422 |
| Lacewood, Leopardwood, Louro faia | Roupala montana | 58.1 | 2688 | (5.48,9.25) | 21.73 | 2259 |
| Lacewood, Louro faia | Euplassa pinnata | 39.2 | 1281 | (4.34,8.34) | 13.66 | 1687 |
| Lapacho | Handroanthus spp. | 64 | 3096 | (5.62,9.54) | 23.93 | 2391 |
| Lara | Xanthostemon petiolatus | 74.9 | 3463 | (4.99,10.07) | 27.27 | 2573 |
| Leadwood | Combretum imberbe | 74.9 | 3463 | (4.99,10.07) | 27.27 | 2573 |
| Louro amarelo | Licaria canella | 63.1 | 3038 | (5.61,9.49) | 23.6 | 2372 |
| Louro Vermelho | Sextonia rubra | 41.5 | 1425 | (4.46,8.45) | 14.67 | 1768 |
| Macacauba, Para Rosewood | Platymiscium trinitatis | 54.9 | 2446 | (5.32,9.1) | 20.49 | 2180 |
| Mahogany, Genuine-Honduran | Swietenia macrophylla | 40.6 | 1367 | (4.41,8.41) | 14.27 | 1736 |
| Mandioqueira Vermelha | Vochysia ferruginea | 30.9 | 861 | (4.19,7.94) | 9.97 | 1361 |
| Maple, American Hard | Acer saccharum | 47.1 | 1831 | (4.82,8.73) | 17.18 | 1956 |
| Massaranduba, Brazilian Redwood | Manilkara bidentata | 62.4 | 2998 | (5.61,9.46) | 23.37 | 2358 |
| Merbau | Intsia bijuga | 49.9 | 2049 | (5.01,8.86) | 18.4 | 2041 |
| Mirauba | Mouriri collocarpa | 68.7 | 3332 | (5.52,9.76) | 25.48 | 2479 |
| Mkuruti | Baphia kirkii | 79.9 | 3373 | (4.16,10.31) | 28.45 | 2630 |
| Mocitaiba | Zollernia ilicifolia | 77.4 | 3442 | (4.63,10.19) | 27.89 | 2604 |
| Momoqui, Bolivian Coffeewood | Cenostigma pluviosum | 62.4 | 2998 | (5.61,9.46) | 23.37 | 2358 |
| Mopane | Colophospermum mopane | 74.9 | 3463 | (4.99,10.07) | 27.27 | 2573 |
| Morado, Bolivian Rosewood | Machaerium acutifolium | 54.9 | 2446 | (5.32,9.1) | 20.49 | 2180 |
| Muirapinima | Brosimum guianensis | 69.1 | 3348 | (5.5,9.78) | 25.61 | 2485 |
| Muirapixuna | Chamaecrista scleroxylon | 74.9 | 3463 | (4.99,10.07) | 27.27 | 2573 |
| Nogal, Peruvian Walnut | Juglans neotropica | 37.5 | 1178 | (4.27,8.26) | 12.87 | 1622 |
| Palo Santo, Lignum Vitae | Gonopterodendron sarmientoi | 77.4 | 3442 | (4.63,10.19) | 27.89 | 2604 |
| Pau Santo | Zollernia paraensis | 78.7 | 3414 | (4.41,10.25) | 28.18 | 2617 |
| Piquia | Caryocar villosum | 47.5 | 1859 | (4.84,8.74) | 17.34 | 1967 |
| Piquiarana | Caryocar glabrum | 49.3 | 1997 | (4.96,8.83) | 18.12 | 2022 |
| Pracuúba-da-terra-firme | Trichilia lecointei | 67.9 | 3298 | (5.55,9.73) | 25.22 | 2464 |
| Preciosa, Spicewood | Aniba canelilla | 69.4 | 3358 | (5.48,9.8) | 25.7 | 2490 |
| Purpleheart | Peltogyne paniculata | 65.5 | 3185 | (5.61,9.61) | 24.46 | 2422 |
| Red Oak | Quercus rubra | 48.7 | 1951 | (4.92,8.8) | 17.86 | 2004 |
| Santos Mahogany | Myroxylon balsamum | 56.2 | 2544 | (5.39,9.16) | 20.99 | 2213 |
| Sapele | Entandrophragma cylindricum | 40.9 | 1387 | (4.43,8.42) | 14.41 | 1747 |
| Seraya, Dark Red Meranti | Shorea spp. | 45.6 | 1714 | (4.71,8.65) | 16.5 | 1906 |
| Sipo | Entandrophragma utile | 38.7 | 1251 | (4.32,8.32) | 13.43 | 1668 |
| Sirari, Tiete Rosewood | Ormosia nobilis | 59.3 | 2781 | (5.53,9.31) | 22.21 | 2289 |
| Soto, Barauana | Schinopsis brasiliensis | 78 | 3429 | (4.52,10.22) | 28.04 | 2611 |
| Sucupira, Brazilian Chestnut | Diplotropis purpurea | 59.9 | 2826 | (5.55,9.34) | 22.45 | 2303 |
| Tanimbuca | Terminalia oxycarpa | 53.8 | 2354 | (5.26,9.05) | 20.02 | 2150 |
| Tarara Amarilla, Canarywood | Centrolobium microchaete | 43.7 | 1578 | (4.59,8.56) | 15.67 | 1844 |
| Tarara Colorada | Centrolobium tomentosum | 43.7 | 1578 | (4.59,8.56) | 15.67 | 1844 |
| Tasmanian Blackwood | Acacia melanoxylon | 40 | 1328 | (4.38,8.38) | 13.99 | 1714 |
| Tatajuba | Bagassa guianensis | 54.9 | 2446 | (5.32,9.1) | 20.49 | 2180 |
| Tauari, Brazilian Oak | Couratari stellata | 40 | 1328 | (4.38,8.38) | 13.99 | 1714 |
| Taun | Bischofia javanica | 40.9 | 1387 | (4.43,8.42) | 14.41 | 1747 |
| Taxi, Brazilian Olive | Tachigali myrmecophilla | 43 | 1527 | (4.55,8.53) | 15.34 | 1820 |
| Timborana | Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens | 48.7 | 1951 | (4.92,8.8) | 17.86 | 2004 |
| Tintitaco | Prosopis torquata | 74.9 | 3463 | (4.99,10.07) | 27.27 | 2573 |
| Umzimbeet | Millettia grandis | 71.2 | 3413 | (5.37,9.89) | 26.24 | 2519 |
| Uxirana | Vantanea parviflora | 64.8 | 3146 | (5.62,9.58) | 24.22 | 2408 |
| Verawood | Gonopterodendron arboreum | 77.4 | 3442 | (4.63,10.19) | 27.89 | 2604 |
| Virola, Cumala | Virola elongata | 32.5 | 926 | (4.18,8.02) | 10.65 | 1425 |
| Walnut, American | Juglans nigra | 38.1 | 1214 | (4.3,8.29) | 13.15 | 1645 |
| Wamara | Swartzia leiocalycina | 66.2 | 3218 | (5.6,9.64) | 24.67 | 2434 |
| Wenge | Millettia laurentii | 53.4 | 2322 | (5.23,9.03) | 19.85 | 2139 |
| White Oak, American | Quercus alba | 56.2 | 2544 | (5.39,9.16) | 20.99 | 2213 |
| Yellowheart, Pau-Amarelo | Euxylophora paraensis | 51.3 | 2154 | (5.1,8.93) | 18.96 | 2080 |
| Zebrawood | Berlinia brazzavillensis | 49 | 1975 | (4.94,8.82) | 18 | 2013 |